toughCookie module export to get access to the tough-cookie module instance packaged with jsdom. jsdom allows you to intervene in the creation of a jsdom very early: after the Window and Document objects are created, but before any HTML is parsed to populate the document with nodes:.

This is especially useful if you are wanting to modify the environment in some way, for example adding shims for web platform APIs jsdom does not support. Once you have constructed a JSDOM object, it will have the following useful capabilities:.

The property window retrieves the Window object that was created for you. The properties virtualConsole and cookieJar reflect the options you pass in, or the defaults created for you if nothing was passed in for those options. The serialize method will return the HTML serialization of the document, including the doctype:. The nodeLocation method will find where a DOM node is within the source document, returning the parse5 location info for the node:.

Note that this feature only works if you have set the includeNodeLocations option; node locations are off by default for performance reasons. The built-in vm module of Node. js is what underpins jsdom's script-running magic. Some advanced use cases, like pre-compiling a script and then running it multiple times, benefit from using the vm module directly with a jsdom-created Window. To get access to the contextified global object , suitable for use with the vm APIs, you can use the getInternalVMContext method:.

This is somewhat-advanced functionality, and we advise sticking to normal DOM APIs such as window. eval or document. createElement "script" unless you have very specific needs. Note that this method will throw an exception if the JSDOM instance was created without runScripts set, or if you are using jsdom in a web browser. The top property on window is marked [Unforgeable] in the spec, meaning it is a non-configurable own property and thus cannot be overridden or shadowed by normal code running inside the jsdom, even using Object.

Similarly, at present jsdom does not handle navigation such as setting window. However, if you're acting from outside the window, e. in some test framework that creates jsdoms, you can override one or both of these using the special reconfigure method:. Note that changing the jsdom's URL will impact all APIs that return the current document URL, such as window. location , document. URL , and document. documentURI , as well as the resolution of relative URLs within the document, and the same-origin checks and referrer used while fetching subresources.

It will not, however, perform navigation to the contents of that URL; the contents of the DOM will remain unchanged, and no new instances of Window , Document , etc. will be created. In addition to the JSDOM constructor itself, jsdom provides a promise-returning factory method for constructing a jsdom from a URL:.

The returned promise will fulfill with a JSDOM instance if the URL is valid and the request is successful. Any redirects will be followed to their ultimate destination. The options provided to fromURL are similar to those provided to the JSDOM constructor, with the following additional restrictions and consequences:. Similar to fromURL , jsdom also provides a fromFile factory method for constructing a jsdom from a filename:.

The returned promise will fulfill with a JSDOM instance if the given file can be opened. As usual in Node. js APIs, the filename is given relative to the current working directory.

The options provided to fromFile are similar to those provided to the JSDOM constructor, with the following additional defaults:. For the very simplest of cases, you might not need a whole JSDOM instance with all its associated power. You might not even need a Window or Document! Instead, you just need to parse some HTML, and get a DOM object you can manipulate.

For that, we have fragment , which creates a DocumentFragment from a given string:. Here frag is a DocumentFragment instance, whose contents are created by parsing the provided string. It's also important to note that the resulting DocumentFragment will not have an associated browsing context : that is, elements' ownerDocument will have a null defaultView property, resources will not load, etc.

All invocations of the fragment factory result in DocumentFragment s that share the same template owner Document. This allows many calls to fragment with no extra overhead. But it also means that calls to fragment cannot be customized with any options. Note that serialization is not as easy with DocumentFragment s as it is with full JSDOM objects.

If you need to serialize your DOM, you should probably use the JSDOM constructor more directly. But for the special case of a fragment containing a single element, it's pretty easy to do through normal means:. To make this work, you need to include canvas as a dependency in your project, as a peer of jsdom. Since jsdom v13, version 2. x of canvas is required; version 1. x is no longer supported. In addition to supplying a string, the JSDOM constructor can also be supplied binary data, in the form of a Node.

js Buffer or a standard JavaScript binary data type like ArrayBuffer , Uint8Array , DataView , etc. If the supplied contentType option contains a charset parameter, that encoding will override the sniffed encoding—unless a UTF-8 or UTF BOM is present, in which case those take precedence.

Again, this is just like a browser. This encoding sniffing also applies to JSDOM. fromFile and JSDOM. In the latter case, any Content-Type headers sent with the response will take priority, in the same fashion as the constructor's contentType option.

Note that in many cases supplying bytes in this fashion can be better than supplying a string. For example, if you attempt to use Node. js's buffer. toString "utf-8" API, Node. js will not strip any leading BOMs. If you then give this string to jsdom, it will interpret it verbatim, leaving the BOM intact.

But jsdom's binary data decoding code will strip leading BOMs, just like a browser; in such cases, supplying buffer directly will give the desired result. Timers in the jsdom set by window.

setTimeout or window. setInterval will, by definition, execute code in the future in the context of the window. Since there is no way to execute code in the future without keeping the process alive, outstanding jsdom timers will keep your Node. js process alive. Similarly, since there is no way to execute code in the context of an object without keeping that object alive, outstanding jsdom timers will prevent garbage collection of the window on which they are scheduled.

If you want to be sure to shut down a jsdom window, use window. close , which will terminate all running timers and also remove any event listeners on the window and document. jsdom has some support for being run inside a web browser, using browserify. That is, inside a web browser, you can use a browserified jsdom to create an entirely self-contained set of plain JavaScript objects which look and act much like the browser's existing DOM objects, while being entirely independent of them.

jsdom's primary target is still Node. js, and so we use language features that are only present in recent Node. js versions. Thus, older browsers will likely not work. Even transpilation will not help: we use Proxy s extensively throughout the jsdom codebase.

Notably, jsdom works well inside a web worker. The original contributor, lawnsea , who made this possible, has published a paper about his project which uses this capability. Not everything works perfectly when running jsdom inside a web browser. Sometimes that is because of fundamental limitations such as not having filesystem access , but sometimes it is simply because we haven't spent enough time making the appropriate small tweaks. Bug reports are certainly welcome.

In Node. js you can debug programs using Chrome DevTools. See the official documentation for how to get started. By default jsdom elements are formatted as plain old JS objects in the console.

To make it easier to debug, you can use jsdom-devtools-formatter , which lets you inspect them like real DOM elements. People often have trouble with asynchronous script loading when using jsdom. Many pages load scripts asynchronously, but there is no way to tell when they're done doing so, and thus when it's a good time to run your code and inspect the resulting DOM structure. This is a fundamental limitation; we cannot predict what scripts on the web page will do, and so cannot tell you when they are done loading more scripts.

This can be worked around in a few ways. The best way, if you control the page in question, is to use whatever mechanisms are given by the script loader to detect when loading is done.

For example, if you're using a module loader like RequireJS, the code could look like:. If you do not control the page, you could try workarounds such as polling for the presence of a specific element.

For more details, see the discussion in , especially matthewkastor 's insightful comment. Although we enjoy adding new features to jsdom and keeping it up to date with the latest web specs, it has many missing APIs. Please feel free to file an issue for anything missing, but we're a small and busy team, so a pull request might work even better. Beyond just features that we haven't gotten to yet, there are two major features that are currently outside the scope of jsdom. These are:.

Currently jsdom has dummy behaviors for some aspects of these features, such as sending a "not implemented" "jsdomError" to the virtual console for navigation, or returning zeros for many layout-related properties. Often you can work around these limitations in your code, e.

by creating new JSDOM instances for each page you "navigate" to during a crawl, or using Object. defineProperty to change what various layout-related getters and methods return. Note that other tools in the same space, such as PhantomJS, do support these features. On the wiki, we have a more complete writeup about jsdom vs. jsdom is a community-driven project maintained by a team of volunteers.

You could support jsdom by:. Skip to content. Star js License MIT license. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Branches Tags. Could not load branches. Could not load tags. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior.

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Nov 20, Oct 1, Change how the custom element registry is looked up. Oct 29, Implement crypto. Jun 19, Update dependencies and dev dependencies. Add JSCS and fix everything it finds. Apr 15, Update ESLint to v5. May 27, Fix test failures due to wrong line endings on windows. Feb 15, Implement uniform strategy for JS globals in the JSDOM. Dec 14, Update various links. Jan 4, Mar 7, webidl from the published package.

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Please check back soon for future events, and sign up to receive invitations to our events and briefings. December 1, Speaker Series on California's Future — Virtual Event. November 30, Virtual Event. November 18, Annual Water Conference — In-Person and Online. We believe in the power of good information to build a brighter future for California. Help support our mission. Mark Baldassare , Dean Bonner , Rachel Lawler , and Deja Thomas.

Supported with funding from the Arjay and Frances F. Miller Foundation and the James Irvine Foundation. California voters have now received their mail ballots, and the November 8 general election has entered its final stage. Amid rising prices and economic uncertainty—as well as deep partisan divisions over social and political issues—Californians are processing a great deal of information to help them choose state constitutional officers and state legislators and to make policy decisions about state propositions.

The midterm election also features a closely divided Congress, with the likelihood that a few races in California may determine which party controls the US House. These are among the key findings of a statewide survey on state and national issues conducted from October 14 to 23 by the Public Policy Institute of California:. Today, there is a wide partisan divide: seven in ten Democrats are optimistic about the direction of the state, while 91 percent of Republicans and 59 percent of independents are pessimistic.

Californians are much more pessimistic about the direction of the country than they are about the direction of the state. Majorities across all demographic groups and partisan groups, as well as across regions, are pessimistic about the direction of the United States. A wide partisan divide exists: most Democrats and independents say their financial situation is about the same as a year ago, while solid majorities of Republicans say they are worse off.

Regionally, about half in the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles say they are about the same, while half in the Central Valley say they are worse off; residents elsewhere are divided between being worse off and the same. The shares saying they are worse off decline as educational attainment increases.

Strong majorities across partisan groups feel negatively, but Republicans and independents are much more likely than Democrats to say the economy is in poor shape. Today, majorities across partisan, demographic, and regional groups say they are following news about the gubernatorial election either very or fairly closely.

In the upcoming November 8 election, there will be seven state propositions for voters. Due to time constraints, our survey only asked about three ballot measures: Propositions 26, 27, and For each, we read the proposition number, ballot, and ballot label. Two of the state ballot measures were also included in the September survey Propositions 27 and 30 , while Proposition 26 was not.

This measure would allow in-person sports betting at racetracks and tribal casinos, requiring that racetracks and casinos offering sports betting make certain payments to the state to support state regulatory costs. It also allows roulette and dice games at tribal casinos and adds a new way to enforce certain state gambling laws.

Fewer than half of likely voters say the outcome of each of these state propositions is very important to them. Today, 21 percent of likely voters say the outcome of Prop 26 is very important, 31 percent say the outcome of Prop 27 is very important, and 42 percent say the outcome of Prop 30 is very important. Today, when it comes to the importance of the outcome of Prop 26, one in four or fewer across partisan groups say it is very important to them. About one in three across partisan groups say the outcome of Prop 27 is very important to them.

Fewer than half across partisan groups say the outcome of Prop 30 is very important to them. When asked how they would vote if the election for the US House of Representatives were held today, 56 percent of likely voters say they would vote for or lean toward the Democratic candidate, while 39 percent would vote for or lean toward the Republican candidate.

Democratic candidates are preferred by a point margin in Democratic-held districts, while Republican candidates are preferred by a point margin in Republican-held districts. Abortion is another prominent issue in this election. When asked about the importance of abortion rights, 61 percent of likely voters say the issue is very important in determining their vote for Congress and another 20 percent say it is somewhat important; just 17 percent say it is not too or not at all important.

With the controlling party in Congress hanging in the balance, 51 percent of likely voters say they are extremely or very enthusiastic about voting for Congress this year; another 29 percent are somewhat enthusiastic while 19 percent are either not too or not at all enthusiastic. Today, Democrats and Republicans have about equal levels of enthusiasm, while independents are much less likely to be extremely or very enthusiastic.

As Californians prepare to vote in the upcoming midterm election, fewer than half of adults and likely voters are satisfied with the way democracy is working in the United States—and few are very satisfied. Satisfaction was higher in our February survey when 53 percent of adults and 48 percent of likely voters were satisfied with democracy in America. Today, half of Democrats and about four in ten independents are satisfied, compared to about one in five Republicans.

Notably, four in ten Republicans are not at all satisfied. In addition to the lack of satisfaction with the way democracy is working, Californians are divided about whether Americans of different political positions can still come together and work out their differences.

Forty-nine percent are optimistic, while 46 percent are pessimistic. Today, in a rare moment of bipartisan agreement, about four in ten Democrats, Republicans, and independents are optimistic that Americans of different political views will be able to come together.

Notably, in , half or more across parties, regions, and demographic groups were optimistic. Today, about eight in ten Democrats—compared to about half of independents and about one in ten Republicans—approve of Governor Newsom.

Across demographic groups, about half or more approve of how Governor Newsom is handling his job. Approval of Congress among adults has been below 40 percent for all of after seeing a brief run above 40 percent for all of Democrats are far more likely than Republicans to approve of Congress.

Fewer than half across regions and demographic groups approve of Congress. Approval in March was at 44 percent for adults and 39 percent for likely voters.

Across demographic groups, about half or more approve among women, younger adults, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos. Views are similar across education and income groups, with just fewer than half approving.

Approval in March was at 41 percent for adults and 36 percent for likely voters. Across regions, approval reaches a majority only in the San Francisco Bay Area. Across demographic groups, approval reaches a majority only among African Americans. This map highlights the five geographic regions for which we present results; these regions account for approximately 90 percent of the state population.

Residents of other geographic areas in gray are included in the results reported for all adults, registered voters, and likely voters, but sample sizes for these less-populous areas are not large enough to report separately. The PPIC Statewide Survey is directed by Mark Baldassare, president and CEO and survey director at the Public Policy Institute of California. Coauthors of this report include survey analyst Deja Thomas, who was the project manager for this survey; associate survey director and research fellow Dean Bonner; and survey analyst Rachel Lawler.

The Californians and Their Government survey is supported with funding from the Arjay and Frances F. Findings in this report are based on a survey of 1, California adult residents, including 1, interviewed on cell phones and interviewed on landline telephones. The sample included respondents reached by calling back respondents who had previously completed an interview in PPIC Statewide Surveys in the last six months.

Interviews took an average of 19 minutes to complete. Interviewing took place on weekend days and weekday nights from October 14—23, Cell phone interviews were conducted using a computer-generated random sample of cell phone numbers. Additionally, we utilized a registration-based sample RBS of cell phone numbers for adults who are registered to vote in California. All cell phone numbers with California area codes were eligible for selection. After a cell phone user was reached, the interviewer verified that this person was age 18 or older, a resident of California, and in a safe place to continue the survey e.

Cell phone respondents were offered a small reimbursement to help defray the cost of the call. Cell phone interviews were conducted with adults who have cell phone service only and with those who have both cell phone and landline service in the household. Landline interviews were conducted using a computer-generated random sample of telephone numbers that ensured that both listed and unlisted numbers were called.

Additionally, we utilized a registration-based sample RBS of landline phone numbers for adults who are registered to vote in California. All landline telephone exchanges in California were eligible for selection. For both cell phones and landlines, telephone numbers were called as many as eight times. When no contact with an individual was made, calls to a number were limited to six.

Also, to increase our ability to interview Asian American adults, we made up to three additional calls to phone numbers estimated by Survey Sampling International as likely to be associated with Asian American individuals. Accent on Languages, Inc. The survey sample was closely comparable to the ACS figures. To estimate landline and cell phone service in California, Abt Associates used state-level estimates released by the National Center for Health Statistics—which used data from the National Health Interview Survey NHIS and the ACS.

The estimates for California were then compared against landline and cell phone service reported in this survey.

We also used voter registration data from the California Secretary of State to compare the party registration of registered voters in our sample to party registration statewide. The sampling error, taking design effects from weighting into consideration, is ±3.

This means that 95 times out of , the results will be within 3. The sampling error for unweighted subgroups is larger: for the 1, registered voters, the sampling error is ±4. For the sampling errors of additional subgroups, please see the table at the end of this section. Sampling error is only one type of error to which surveys are subject.

Results may also be affected by factors such as question wording, question order, and survey timing. We present results for five geographic regions, accounting for approximately 90 percent of the state population. Residents of other geographic areas are included in the results reported for all adults, registered voters, and likely voters, but sample sizes for these less-populous areas are not large enough to report separately.

We also present results for congressional districts currently held by Democrats or Republicans, based on residential zip code and party of the local US House member.

We compare the opinions of those who report they are registered Democrats, registered Republicans, and no party preference or decline-to-state or independent voters; the results for those who say they are registered to vote in other parties are not large enough for separate analysis. We also analyze the responses of likely voters—so designated per their responses to survey questions about voter registration, previous election participation, intentions to vote this year, attention to election news, and current interest in politics.

The percentages presented in the report tables and in the questionnaire may not add to due to rounding. Additional details about our methodology can be found at www. pdf and are available upon request through surveys ppic. October 14—23, 1, California adult residents; 1, California likely voters English, Spanish. Margin of error ±3.

The behaviors of each operator are summarized in the following list. Sixty-one percent say the issue of abortion rights is very important in their vote for Congress this year; Democrats are far more likely than Republicans or independents to hold this view. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick command-line tools. It gives you the ability to download multiple files at one time and download large files quickly and reliably.

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